Ireland’s new security watchdog has warned that Islamist extremism—not legacy paramilitary violence—is now the country’s most pressing terror threat, raising fresh questions about whether the state is equipped to respond.

In its first annual report, the Independent Examiner of Security Legislation said Ireland now faces a wider and more dangerous mix of threats than during the decades dominated by the IRA. The report identifies Islamist terrorism as a “significant cause of concern,” pointing to both the risk of attacks within Ireland and the possibility of plots being organised on Irish soil for strikes elsewhere in Europe.

The warning marks a clear shift away from the traditional focus on republican violence. Instead, the report highlights a pattern now familiar across Western Europe: smaller-scale attacks, often carried out by individuals acting alone but inspired by Islamist ideology.

Particular concern was raised about so-called ‘lone wolf’ attackers—individuals radicalised online who operate without direct links to organised groups. Such attacks have become a defining feature of terrorism across countries such as France and Germany.

Crucially, the report warns that Ireland’s legal framework is not fit for purpose. Existing laws are described as weak and outdated, with serious gaps in the state’s ability to monitor modern communications.

Among the shortcomings is the lack of legal provision to intercept messages on encrypted platforms such as WhatsApp, Telegram, or Snapchat. There is also no clear basis for accessing certain forms of digital data, including browsing histories and web-based material.

The watchdog was established in 2024 to review Ireland’s security laws, with former judge George Birmingham appointed to lead the role.

For a country that has largely avoided the scale of attacks seen elsewhere in Europe, the message is blunt: the threat has changed—and the law has not kept up.