Germany’s domestic intelligence agency, the BfV, has issued a public warning about a surge in cyberattacks by foreign state-backed actors, urging companies and citizens alike to increase vigilance online.

Citing the country’s central role in the European Union and NATO—and its advanced industry, and cutting-edge research—the BfV said

Germany is an attractive target for state-sponsored cyberattacks.

The agency cited Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea as particularly active in carrying out attacks.

The BfV highlighted different motives for each country. Moscow allegedly uses cyberattacks as a geopolitical tool to gain strategic advantages and influence global and national political processes. China, in contrast, focuses on stealing intellectual property and strategic knowledge. Iran reportedly pursues regional political goals and targets opposition figures, while North Korea primarily seeks financial gain and methods to circumvent international sanctions.

Europe’s largest economy with a population of more than 83 million people, Germany has faced an increasing volume of attacks, including with drones and acts of sabotage. Authorities recently arrested two men suspected of plotting to sabotage German naval vessels in northern ports, though investigations into the wider threat remain ongoing.

The BfV warned that critical sectors—energy supply, water management, transportation, logistics systems, and healthcare—are particularly at risk.